What classification of drugs affects the central nervous system and alters consciousness?

The classification of drugs that affects the central nervous system and alters consciousness is known as psychoactive substances. These substances have the ability to influence brain function, leading to changes in perception, mood, consciousness, and behavior. This broad category includes various types of drugs that can produce a wide range of effects, including but not limited to stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and others.

Psychoactive substances work by interacting with neurotransmitter systems in the brain, which can either enhance or inhibit normal brain activity. This results in altered states of consciousness, which is a hallmark of these substances. By encompassing stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens, the term 'psychoactive substances' highlights the diversity of drugs that can influence mental processes and subjective experiences.

Understanding this classification is essential for addiction counselors, as it allows for a comprehensive approach to addressing substance use and its impacts on individuals.